These short courses were offered in conjunction with the Tenth Annual Directed Energy Symposium, held 5-8 November 2007 in Huntsville, AL. Continuing Education Unit (CEU) credits were awarded upon completion of these DEPS short courses.
Course 1. Introduction to High Energy Laser Systems Classification: Unclassified Instructor: John Albertine, Consultant Duration: Half-day course, starts at 0800 CEUs awarded: 0.35 Course Description: This lecture will introduce the field of HEL weapons and their associated technologies using an interweaving of technical requirements, history, and accomplishments. The basic attributes of HEL weapons will be covered, leading into discussions of laser-material interaction, lethality, potential weapon applications, system requirements, laser power scaling, propagation, and beam control. DoD interest in tactical applications, current technical issues, and areas of research emphasis will be highlighted. Intended Audience: This course is geared to those with a technical background who seek an overview of HEL technology and the current state of the art. Individuals who are beginning to work in the field or technical managers who wish an integrated overview would benefit from the class. Instructor Biography: Mr. Albertine has his B.S. and M.S. in Physics from Rose Polytechnic Institute and Johns Hopkins University respectively. Prior to working for the Navy, he was a senior staff physicist in the Space Division of The Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory. From 1976 through 1997, he worked in the Navy's High Energy Laser (HEL) Program Office, directing the Navy’s technology development for the last 15 years. During that time, he led the development and test of the first megawatt class HEL system in the free world. He retired from civil service in 1997 and now consults for OSD, the Air Force, ONR, the Navy HEL program office, and Penn State in the Directed Energy field. Mr. Albertine is a member of the Air Force Science Advisory Board and has served as Executive Vice President and a member of the Board of Directors of the Directed Energy Professional Society. Mr. Albertine is also a DEPS Fellow.
Course 2. Introduction to High Power Microwave Systems Classification: FOUO Instructors: Duration: Half-day course, starts at 0800 CEUs awarded: 0.35 Course Description: This course will provide an introduction to High Power Microwave (HPM) systems. At the end of the course, the student will have been introduced to the principle of operation and major characteristics of sources, propagation, target interaction, and target response. Topics
Intended Audience: The course is appropriate for anyone who wants to understand something about High Power Microwaves (HPM). It is particularly appropriate for someone who is working in another science or engineering field or in technical program management. The course assumes some science or engineering background at the bachelor's level, but not necessarily in microwaves or electromagnetics. Instructor Biography: Larry L. Altgilbers was employed by the US Army Aviation and Missile Command from 1976 until 1991, where he worked on directed energy weapons and various missile systems. Since 1991, he has been employed by the US Army Space and Missile Defense Command, where he initially worked on directed energy weapons and is now in the Advanced Technology Directorate. His current duties include managing the development of a variety of technologies through the Small Business Innovative Research Program and the development of pulsed power and radio frequency technologies. He is currently a member of the American Physical Society, the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, and the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers. He has over 50 conference and journal publications and has published two books: Magnetocumulative Generators and Unconventional Weapons. He holds a PhD in physics from the Semiconductor Physics Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania where he did research on explosive pulsed power.
Course 3. Explosive-Powered Generators - A Brief Introduction Classification: Unclassified Instructors: Duration: Half-day course, starts at 0800 CEUs awarded: 0.35 Course Description: This course will cover three different types of explosively-driven generators, magnetic flux compression generators (FCGs), ferromagnetic generators (FMGs), and ferroelectric generators (FEGs). We will not cover magnetohydrodynamic systems since they represent an entirely different approach to electrical generation than the three systems indicated. The course will cover elementary concepts of FCG theory and discuss where conceptual and technical difficulties arise. A broad array of the differing types of FCGs will be reviewed and generally how they are used. Then, the basic concepts of the FMGs and FEGs will be discussed, along with some of their performance characteristics. Some of the applications for these generators will be covered. At the conclusion of the course, the student should have a general idea of how these explosive generators are configured, what their general characteristics are, and how they may be used. Also, the simple theory covered should be accessible for future use by the student. Many of the concepts of this field of research will introduced and discussed to a degree that should provide a student with a basis for further exploration in this field. Topics to be covered:
Intended Audience: Students taking this course should be generally aware of Maxwell’s equations and the associated concepts to get the maximum benefit from the course. Students who are less familiar with the E&M concepts will still benefit from learning the general concepts and terminology considered and used by the community. This is a wide ranging discussion, so an active question and answer dialogue with the presenters is strongly encouraged. Instructor Biographies: Dr. Bruce Freeman has worked in the areas of pulsed power, explosive-driven pulsed power, and high-energy-density plasma physics for 36 years. He joined the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory staff in 1974 to work with the 10 MJ Scyllac, toroidal theta pinch machine. From 1976 to 1995, he was a member of Dr. Max Fowler’s group at Los Alamos developing explosive power supplies and applying them to drive various plasma physics related loads. During this time, he worked directly with Dr. Fowler on a very wide array of explosive pulsed power programs that provided an almost unmatched experience in this field of study. Dr. Freeman subsequently moved to the Nuclear Engineering faculty at Texas A&M University as a research professor and developed an experimental explosive pulsed power capability. As part of this activity, his group participated in the Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative on Explosive Pulsed Power in collaboration with Texas Tech University and the University of Missouri at Rolla. In 2006, Dr. Freeman joined the Pulsed Power Technology division of Ktech Corporation where he continues to be involved with explosively-driven pulsed power system. He continues to maintain his contacts with the national laboratories, universities, businesses, and colleagues in Russia in Sarov and Novasibersk. Dr. Jason Baird works in the areas of blast and ballistic testing of barriers and composite material/masonry construction retrofits, structure demolition, development of new blasting agents, gas turbine and chemical rocket propulsion, energetic materials, advanced polymeric and composite materials, explosive taggant research, and most recently explosive-driven generators of various types for pulsed power applications. He is on the faculty of the Rock Mechanics and Explosives Research Center at the University of Missouri at Rolla, where he has published articles and chapters in more than 20 journals and books on energetic materials and propellants during his tenure. Dr. Baird is also President of Loki Incorporated, a successful small business participating in a wide range of energetic materials and ballistics resistance topics and performing test and expert witness services. Loki also has held or holds SBIR Phase I and Phase II projects from the US Army and US Navy to perform research and development on magnetic flux compression generators, ferromagnetic generators, and ferroelectric generators.
Course 4. Fiber Lasers In Defense: Fibers, Components and System Design Considerations Classification: Unclassified Instructors: Duration: Half-day course, starts at 0800 CEUs awarded: 0.35 Course Description: Fiber laser technology has the potential to make a significant impact in various defense applications, from LIDAR and remote sensing through to high energy laser weapons systems. This emerging laser technology offers many intrinsic advantages over traditional DPSSL, as highlighted by widespread publications in the research community demonstrating an impressive array of power scaling results, both CW and pulsed and at wavelengths from 1um to the eyesafe 1.5um and now 2um wavelengths. Obvious advantages associated with the technology are high wallplug efficiency leading to reduced electrical power requirements and easier system cooling, but also robustness, good beam quality and highly flexible system performance coupled with (remote) fiber delivery options make the technology unique in certain applications. The topics to be covered include: an explanation of the basic fiber parameters, double-clad fiber designs and covering such concepts such as large mode area fibers, modal/beam quality, PM fibers etc.; rare earth doping and spectroscopy of Yb-1um, Yb:Er-1550 and Tm-2um; component specifications and availability (couplers, isolators, seed laser diodes etc); limitations to scaling fiber devices, non-linear limitations, damage thresholds, etc.; design rules and concepts for pulsed fiber lasers and amplifier chains, recent results from the literature; and system specifications and the possible application areas, comparison and advantages over other laser technologies. This tutorial will cover the major aspects of designing and building a fiber laser, from the fiber itself through the various state of the art fiber components and discuss the system parameter space that best makes use of the intrinsic advantages of the technology. This course will enable you to:
Intended Audience: The tutorial is designed for researchers interested in investigating this application area but without the detailed knowledge of fibers and fiber based devices. Higher level managers and system designers/integrators will also be interested in the broad comparisons made between the fiber laser technology and current lasers and how this can impact future system designs. Instructor Biographies: Michael O’Connor received his M.S. in Geophysics, and B.S. in Physics from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. He has 12 years of experience in fiber optic and fiber laser development at Spectran Corp., Lucent, and most recently Nufern. He presently manages Applications Engineering for government applications at Nufern, with a focus on high power fiber lasers for directed energy. Michael is a US Army Special Forces veteran. William E. Torruellas received his PhD from the Optical Sciences Center, University of Arizona in 1991. He is currently a member of the Senior professional staff at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. His work addresses the design of High-Energy-Lasers and their system development and field implementation for Directed-Energy-Weapon systems. He is also involved in active remote sensing evaluations. Previously he was Director of Fiber Optronics for Fibertek, focusing his work on double-cladding fiber amplifiers and transferring terrestrial WDM systems technology to the area of IR remote sensing and space based laser systems. Previous industry positions include Corvis and Raytheon; additionally, he was a senior research associate for CREOL and an assistant professor at Washington State University, where he helped establish an inter-departmental M.Sc in Opto-Electronics supported by the National Science Foundation. He has 51 refereed publications and 30 conference proceedings, one awarded patent, 55 invited talks, and 60 contributed oral presentations. He has been involved in the organization of conferences for SPIE and OSA, and has co-edited a book on nonlinear propagation.
Course 5. Beam Directors 101 Classification: Unclassified Instructor: Bill Decker, Defense Acquisition University Duration:Full-day course, starts at 0800 CEUs awarded: 0.7 Course Description: The course will cover beam directors from the requirements and parameter that determine the overall approach to the development of a strategy to acquire and integrate a beam director into an HEL system. Subjects include:
Intended Audience: Program managers, lead engineers, systems engineers of HEL systems that will include a beam director. A technical background is useful, but not required. Instructor Biography: Mr. Decker is currently a Professor of Systems Engineering at the Huntsville Campus of the Defense Acquisition University. His experience includes over 25 years in electro-optics with ten years experience in high energy laser systems, including THEL, ABL, ATL and HELLADS, all while employed by Brashear (a division of L-3 Communications) in Pittsburgh, PA. Mr. Decker holds a MS in Physics from the Naval Postgraduate School and a BS in Engineering from Cornell University.
Course 6. RF Effects Classification: FOUO Instructors: Duration: Half-day course, starts at 1300 CEUs awarded: 0.35 Course Description: This course will provide a basic overview of Radio Frequency Directed Energy (RF DE) and its effects on electronic systems. The course will cover what RF DE is, how it is similar to but different from classic Electronic Warfare (EW) and Nuclear generated Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP), and how it penetrates targets systems and produces effects ranging from temporary interference to permanent damage. We will also discuss the statistical nature of RF coupling to electronics and effects and how effect levels are best described as a probability of effect or failure. Finally we will describe some RF effects models and how they can be used to estimate probability of target effect. Topics include:
Intended Audience: The course is intended for anyone who wants to learn to the basics of RF DE and how it effects on electronics, Even though it does not require a bachelor's degree in science or engineering, it is meant for individual with some back ground in science or engineering and/or in technical program management. Instructor Biographies: John T. Tatum is an electronics engineer with the Army Research Laboratory (ARL) in Adelphi, Md. He has a Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering from the University of Maryland and has done graduate work in the areas of Radar and Communications. He is a senior level engineer in the Directed Energy Division where he directs and participates in RF effects investigations on military and commercial electronic systems. Mr. Tatum is a fellow of the Directed Energy Professional Society and currently the co chair of the RF DE sub group of the Joint Technical Coordinating Group on Munitions Effectiveness. He has published several papers on RF susceptibility assessment methodology, system effects investigations and effects data bases for both DoD and IEEE conferences. He can be contracted at (301) 394-3012 or DSN 290-3012. Dr Vail is currently Product Line Leader for Counter Electronics at the Air Force Research Laboratory’s Directed Energy Directorate. He has worked in the HPM effects field since 1985. He has given several previous short courses on HPM effects. He has served as Acting Program Manger for the US Air Force HPM Program and Acting Chief of the HPM Division at AFRL/DE. He has served as Chairman of the National HPM Symposium. He was the first DEPS Fellow to be selected from the HPM community and has served on the DEPS Advisory Council.
Course 7. Introduction to Lethality Science Classification: FOUO Instructors: Duration: Half-day course, starts at 1300 CEUs awarded: 0.35 Course Description: The course is intended as an overview of lethality science. The course will describe the role of lethality science in the systems engineering process, the mathematical and scientific foundation of lethality science, the role of testing, and the pitfalls associated with the development of lethality estimates. Emphasis will be placed on descriptions of phenomena while providing information on resources available for obtaining more detailed information on mathematical derivations and analysis. A follow-on more detailed course on lethality science will be taught at the Directed Energy System Symposium (Monterey, Ca) in March, 2008
Intended Audience: The course is intended for engineers and scientists wishing to have an introduction and overview of HEL lethality science. A general knowledge of physic principles will be helpful but no specific background is assumed. Mathematical equations are presented, but not derived. The course will be particularly helpful to those in HEL related fields wishing a broader knowledge of the subject as well as those entering the field of lethality science. Although the course will be an overview of HEL Lethality, detailed references will be provided so as to enable those interested to gain a deeper understanding of the subject. Instructor Biographies: Mr. Chuck LaMar has over twenty years of experience with High Energy Lasers (HEL). In addition, Mr. LaMar has over 2000 flying hours in U.S. Air Force combat aircraft and extensive experience in military operational environments. He has been actively investigating the interaction of HEL with energetic materials extensively in support of the U.S. Army's counter ram mission. Mr. LaMar currently leads the U.S. Army High Energy Laser Lethality program and is the recent chairman and current Army representative on the Joint Technology Office tri-service Lethality working group. He has written over 50 professional papers and publications in the field of HEL. Dr. Craig Walters earned a Ph.D. in physics from The Ohio State University and has more than forty years of research and development experience serving both industrial and government clients. For more than thirty-five years he focused on the study of the effects of lasers on materials, the development of high-speed optical diagnostics for target plume research, the design and development of custom high-power lasers, design of fiber-optic beam-delivery systems, and the design and analysis of electro-optic systems. In 1994, Dr. Walters founded his own company, Craig Walters Associates (CWA), a small business devoted to providing quick-response/cost effective R&D services and consultation to industry and government in the areas of laser technology and electro-optics. CSA has performed contract research for other small businesses as well as multi-billion dollar corporations in laser applications as diverse as basic response of materials to neodymium laser pulses, laser shock processing, laser cleaning and coating removal, laser-welding monitors, laser range finders, high-power optical beam delivery systems, and laser techniques for NDE of adhesive bonds in aerospace structures. David Lyman is currently the division manager of the Lasers, Optics, and Imaging Division of SAIC. Through his employment at UTOS and SAIC, he has over 20 years of experience in the high-energy laser field and has participated in the Space Based Laser (SBL), Airborne Laser (ABL), Tactical High Energy Laser (THEL), and Advanced Tactical Laser (ATL) programs. He is a charter member of DEPS and is a member of the AIAA Weapons System Effectiveness Committee. Since 2002, he has supported the Army SMDC in their Laser Lethality & Propagation Program.
Course 8. Beam Quality Measures Classification: Unclassified Instructor: Sean Ross, AFRL/DE Duration: Half-day course, starts at 1300 CEUs awarded: 0.35 Course Description: This half day short course covers the general subject of high power laser beam quality. Topics covered include: definitions and applications of common measures of beam quality including Brightness, Power-in-the-bucket, M-squared, 'times diffraction limited', strehl ratio, beam parameter product etc. Special emphasis will be given to choosing an appropriate beam quality metric, tracing the metric to the application of the laser system and to various conceptual pitfalls which arise in this field. Material presented will come from general scientific literature as well as original work done by Dr. Ross and Dr. Pete Latham, both from the Air Force Research Laboratory Directed Energy Directorate. Intended Audience: This course should benefit anyone with an interest in laser beam quality, including program managers, scientists, engineers, and military personnel who are not experts in the field. Instructor Biography: Dr. Sean Ross has been with the Air Force Research Laboratory, Directed Energy Directorate, High Power Solid State Laser Branch since he received his PhD from the Center for Research and Education in Optics and Lasers (CREOL) in 1998. Research interests include nonlinear frequency conversion, high power solid state lasers, thermal management and laser beam quality. Beginning in 2000, frustration with commercial beam quality devices led to the work eventually presented in the Journal of Directed Energy, Vol. 2 No. 1 Summer 2006 "Appropriate Measures and Consistent Standard for High Energy Laser Beam Quality". This paper and its conference version (presented at the 2005 DEPS Symposium) have received awards from the Directed Energy Professional Society and the Directed Energy Directorate.
Course 9. The Credible Use of Modeling and Simulation in T&E Classification: Unclassified Instructor: David Cook, AEgis Duration: Half-day course, starts at 1300 CEUs awarded: 0.35 Course Description: Verification and validation (V&V) is an integral part of any substantive system or software engineering project, and development professions recognize that you should implement comprehensive V&V efforts early in the lifecycle to provide positive results in terms of cost and productivity. However, to make V&V work productively, it has to be used correctly and effectively. This course discusses how to effectively implement a V&V program that would reduce lifecycle costs, shorten development time, and increase the overall quality of the final product. The course will commence with a basic description of both verification (answering the question "Are we building the system right?") and validation ("Are we building the right system?). Sample V&V activities will also be discussed, along with a guide for how to meet V&V goals in a cost-effective manner. For each of the many V&V techniques, the costs, benefits, and implementation methodologies will be explained. After covering V&V, this course will go on to discuss the need for accreditation and conclude with a coverage of the steps and options (and present an example) of a complete accreditation process. Topics to be covered include:
Intended Audience: This class is a beginning tutorial, designed for any software developer, tester, or engineer who has an interest is building a credible M&S program. It will be of use to T&E professional and to software developers. It does not delve into technical details of actual M&S development. Instructor Biography: Dr. Dave Cook is a Senior Research Scientist at AEgis Technologies working as a Verification, Validation, and Accreditation agent in the Modeling and Simulations area, currently supporting the Airborne Laser (ABL) program. Dr. Cook has over 30 years experience in software development and management. He was an associate professor and department research director at USAF Academy, and former deputy department head of Software Professional Development Program at AFIT. He has a Ph.D. in Computer Science from Texas A&M University, and is a Certified Modeling and Simulation Professional (CMSP). In addition, he is a Vice President and Executive Board Member for the Society of Computer Simulation (SCS), and is a frequent contributor to Crosstalk, the Journal of Defense Software Engineering.
Course 10. Repetitively Pulsed HPM Sources from an Experimental Point of View Classification: Unclassified Instructor: Michael Haworth, AFRL/HPM Duration: Half-day course, starts at 1300 CEUs awarded: 0.35 Course Description: The vast majority of high-peak-power (>100 MW) HPM tube research of the past was conducted on large, laboratory-based, single-shot pulsed-power machines. However, recent Department of Defense (DoD) interest in applying HPM tubes towards electronic warfare applications has motivated research into repetitively-pulsed HPM systems. The intent of the first half of this course is to give an overview of repetitively-pulsed HPM systems in general, and high-peak-power HPM tubes in particular. The second half of the course will be taught from a "lab rat" point of view and concentrate on recent advances in HPM tube components that have improved their rep-rate performance. In addition, the important topic of how to diagnose repetitively-pulsed HPM tubes will be thoroughly covered. From this course, you will learn about:
Intended Audience: The topics in this course are directed toward graduate students, scientists and engineers, and managers who want to learn from the experimental point of view the nitty-gritty of how repetitively-pulsed HPM tubes work and are fielded. Most theoretical aspects of HPM tubes will be presented using computer simulation. A basic understanding of electromagnetic theory, including microwave waveguides, is assumed and will not be covered in the course. Instructor Biography: Mike Haworth received a Ph.D. in plasma physics from Auburn University in 1983. He has over 20 years experience in experimental high power microwave tube research, including virtual cathode oscillators, split-cavity oscillators, relativistic klystrons, MILOs, and relativistic magnetrons. He is a senior scientist in the High Power Microwave Division of the Air Force Research Laboratory, and has over 40 technical publications. Currently, he is the lead experimentalist on a project to develop a repetitively-pulsed relativistic magnetron system.
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