| |
DIRECTED ENERGY
PROFESSIONAL SOCIETY
Journal of Directed Energy (Limited Edition) |
|
Volume 2 |
Spring 2011 | |
|
|
|
The papers listed below constitute Volume 2 of the Journal of Directed Energy, Limited Edition.
Persons with the necessary credentials can obtain copies of the individual papers by contacting
jennifier.santa_cruz_nash.ctr@us.af.mil.
Thermal Injury in Human Subjects due to 94 GHz Radio Frequency Radiation Exposures (No.1)
The objective of this study is to compare the exposure data for
millimeter wave (MMW) radiation induced thermal injury in humans at two
radio frequency power densities to previously obtained dose-response
exposure data in porcine populations.7 Where possible, this study aims to
extrapolate the probable human skin thermal response to MMW exposures from
the porcine database. Due to the inherent difficulties in acquiring human
subjects and exposing them to damaging levels of MMWs,
the conclusions presented will be based upon the results of a small sample
population (N=6). Therefore, these results can serve as a guide to the
acceptable safety margins for the employment of MMW devices, but are not a
definitive study.
|
Thermal Injury in Large Animals Due to 94 GHz Radio Frequency Radiation Exposures (No.2)
The objective of this study is to extrapolate the dose-response
relationship for millimeter wavelength radiation induced thermal injury from
previously obtained rodent data to a larger animal model. From our
understanding of the exposure conditions that cause damage in rats, we chose
exposure conditions that would likely cause more than just superficial burn
damage in pig skin. However, due to structural differences (relative
thickness of tissues and density of hair
follicles) between rat and pig skin, direct correlations of burn data are
not likely to have statistical significance. Twelve Yucatan mini-pigs were
used in this study to develop probability of developing first- and
second-degree burns versus exposure duration at 3 power density settings and
versus the rise in the mean skin temperature over the exposed area.
Additionally, the study examined the effects of repeated exposures to an
area, and the time required between exposures
to return to pre-exposure temperatures. The results of the study indicate
that the damage to the skin from the RF exposures is a purely thermal
effect.
|
Behavioral Effects of Exposure to Active Denial System on Operators of Motor Vehicles (No.3)
The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of the Active
Denial System (ADS) on persons in vehicles, and to assess the potential
usefulness of ADS in a vehicle-stopping scenario. In Experiment 1, we
quantitatively measured the time to reaction following ADS exposure onset in
a static scenario. For Experiment 2, we quantitatively measured the
distance at which the vehicle was stopped or steered away from a goal area
following ADS exposure onset in a moving vehicle scenario. Additionally, we
quantitatively measured the driver's reaction to the ADS stimulus. Overall,
ADS was found to be effective in some scenarios where an adequate dose could
be delivered (i.e., head on, lower vehicle speeds), and lower alternating
windshields).
|
Journal of Directed Energy, Limited Edition, Volume 2
|